a report from Vice Mayor Jan Devereux, Chair of the Transportation & Public Utilities Committee, for a public hearing held on June 5, 2018 to discuss car sharing

ATMACHMENTA TRANSPORTATION & PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMITTEE COMMITTEE MEETING -AGENDA ~ 12:00 PM Tuesday, June 5, 2018 Ackermann Room CALL OF THE MEETING The Transportation and Public Utilities Committee will conduct a public hearing to discuss an overview on car DISCUSSION Councillar Kelley; Committee Members; City Manager's Office; Community Development Department; Traffic, Parking, and Transportation Department; Department of Public Works PUBLIC COMMENT ADJOURNMENT Page 1 City of Cambridge

ATTACHMENT B CAMBRIDGE CITY COUNCIL Craig A. Kelley City Councillor To: Donna Lopez, City Clerk From: Craig A. Kelley, City Councillor; Mark Gutierrez, Council Aide Date: April 26, 2018 Subject: Memorandum Submission Please place the attached Car Sharing: Overview and Zoning Memorandum on the City Council agenda for the April 30, 2018 meeting. Thank you. CITY HALL, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS 02139 [phone removed] FAX: [phone removed] TTY/TDD: [phone removed] EMAIL: ckelley@cambridgema.gov

CAMBRIDGE CITY COUNCIL Craig A. Kelley City Councillor MEMORANDUM To: Cambridge City Council From: Craig A. Kelley, City Councillor; Mark Gutierrez, Council Aide Date: April 30, 2018 Subject: Car Sharing: Overview and Zoning 1. Introduction The sharing economy is growing at a very fast rate and transportation is no exception. Industries and sectors have been newly created in the past two decades, with rapid iteration and acceleration in the near future. Self-driving cars, micro-transit (micro-mobility) and the Hyperloop, among others, are on the horizon. It's important to be proactive in the creation of and participation in these emerging technologies. With the intent of furthering discussions about how Cambridge can effectively regulate and embrace new or expanding methods of car sharing, this memo explores car sharing issues, how it is affecting the world, and how communities are reacting to this innovation in personally owned vehicle transit. 2. What Is Car Sharing and How Does It Work? Car sharing is a term used to describe the relatively new industry of car rental in which a member rents a shared vehicle, typically for fairly short periods of time and distances. Car sharing may also be distinguished by: • Mitigated environmental impacts • Contribution to a consumer multi-modal transportation network • High-level use of technology CITY HALL, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS 02139 617) 349-4280 FAX: [phone removed] TTY/TDD: [phone removed] EMAIL: kelley@/cambridgema.gov

• Membership participation (includes gas, insurance, and limited mileage) • Dispersed vehicle locations, as opposed to a hub • Self-service 24/7/365 availability Car Share Operator (CSO) Categories • Business-to-consumer (B2C)- For-profit and non-profit companies own a fleet of vehicles and rent them to members. • Business-to-business (B2B)- Companies sell or rent their technology to businesses and municipalities to tur private fleets into private car share. • Peer-to-peer (P2P)- Individual car owners rent their personal vehicles to members. CSO Business Models • Round-trip (traditional car share) - Reservations are made in advance and require the same pick-up and drop-off location (in a dedicated parking space in a lot, garage, or on- street), and a start and end time. • Use cases: grocery store runs, shopping, doctor's appointments, meetings, and day/weekend trips. • One-way (station-based)- Reservations are made "on-demand" and allow for separate pick-up and drop-off locations (in a dedicated parking space in a lot, garage, or on-street) with an end time not required. Use cases: commuting to work, nightlife events with intent to taxi home safely, bridging transportation gaps, last-mile transportation. • Floating (flexible)- Reservations are made "on-demand" and are picked up wherever they're available, typically on streets and in open lots, and dropped off in any legal parking space. • Use cases: commuting to work, nightlife events with intent to taxi home safely, bridging transportation gaps, last-mile transportation. Operations Most CSO's define their footprint based on a number of factors including member base, existing transportation market, and population and demographic information. Strong partnerships are established to obtain parking with parking management companies, public transportation authorities, universities, property management companies, and municipalities. 2

Modes of Transportation- Automobile Car Car Rental Car-Share Ride-Share Taxicab Ownership Traditional Carpool Traditional Traditional Personal Traditional Hertz, Avis Licensed Taxi ownership carpool Ride-Hail Ride-Hail Round-Trip Uber Pool, Lyft Zipcar Uber, Lyft Line Flexible/ One-Way CarGo, Zipcar *Not listed here due to low adoption/availability. - Fractional ownership: as 1) traditionally practiced by friends and neighbors, or 2) Peer-to-Peer companies offering fractional ownership or GetAround. Turo shared leases. - Micro-transit: privately operated transit e.g. L *sharing economy Bridj, Lyft Shuttle, Chariot Figure / 3. What Are the Organizations? • Zipcar- Considered the world's leading car share company and founded here in Cambridge, Zipcar jump started the American car share revolution. Owned by Avis Budget Group, they operate B2C round-trip/one-way models and B2C fleet share tech. • Enterprise CarShare- Operates B2C in over a dozen U.S. markets, Enterprise's car share branch offers round-trip reservations for members. • Maven- Owned by General Motors, recently pushed into over a dozen U.S. markets with B2C round-trip reservations. • CarGo- Owned by Daimler AG and considered the leader in the B2C flexible model, CarGo brought a new type of car share offering to people looking for flexible pick-up and drop-off locations and times. • GetAround- Operating a similar model to Airbnb, GetAround is a P2P car share company that allows car owners to rent out their personal vehicles to a network of members. • Turo- Formerly RelayRides, Turo is the other major P2P car share company that connects car owners to a network of renters. 3

PaBudgel Car Returp Figure 2: Zipcar at Logan Airport BONZER CAR SHARING www.bonzer.rocks Figure 3: Start-Up Bonzer Car Share Figure 4: Zipcar Electric Vehicles in Garages * BOOK INSTANTLY 2008 HONDA ACCORD '52 45 trips per day Figure 5: Turo P2P Rental

4. Why Is It Important? After kicking their car to the curb. members report an increase of: Car sharing provides many benefits. Individuals are optioned with 19% 13% a car ownership alternative and can Each Zipcar takes in walking trips in bicycling trips the place of about 22% enjoy a care-free transportation option, joined Zipcar to owned cars. allowing one not to worry about 13 personaly reduce their environmental impact. 606. 060 maintenance, car payments, insurance, 6 06 2080 parking, and expenses. Car owners 606 06 0 6 06003 that need or prefer to have a car may opt to downsize their personal cars), as car share can provide secondary or supplemental vehicles like vans for Zipcar members OVER reduced total C02 moving, trucks for hauling, and SUVs emissions by about 2,000,000 for larger passenger or load capacity. BILLION Ziptrips in hybrid or Cities enjoy reduced traffic and POUNDS 1.5 electric vehicles since they were added to our feet. 72% congestion, reduced wear and tear on feel more independent roads, increased urban mobility flow, compared to their pre-Zipcar days. a tighter transportation network, more available parking spaces, and cleaner air. The environment is benefited as car sharing reduces the number of Here's the wea: More car sharing means fewer personally owned cars, which vehicles on the road, encourages means less traffic. more space for bikes, and a nice deep breath of fresh air. Don't just take our word for it - look at the numbers. walking, biking, and public transportation, and typically uses Zipcar members Without Zipcar newer and more environmentally- save about friendly vehicles in their fleets. MILLION 1IN4 15 • GALLONS members would Many estimates claim that car have bought a car. of gas every year. sharing takes 5 to 15 personally owned vehicles off the road, weighted toward Each Zipcar covers the latter, providing residents and the transportation visitors with more parking needs of about Additionally, cars sit unused by their 40 MEMBERS owners around 95% of the time.! This presents another opportunity as the car share footprint grows, because parking spaces can become flexible when not being used for car "storage". New technology allows CO's to rent out car share spaces during the time that Figure 2: How Car Sharing Helps the Environment 5

vehicles are out on a reservation or away for maintenance/repair. With less vehicles, more reliance on healthy and efficient commuting options, and a reduction in stress on city infrastructure, public spaces (parks, bike lanes, sidewalks) can be used more equitably and consciously. The Future Exhibit 65: Ideal Use Cases for Different Modes of Transportation A report has forecasted that the U.S. will Car Rental and Ridehailing / Taxi Ownership spend $2.8 trillion on traffic between 2013 and 2030, which includes wasted time, Carsharing fuel, and the value of carbon emissions.? The importance of proactive solution-oriented Ridesharing / Carpooling steps must be seriously considered by all local and Microtransit global decision-makers. A synergy of multimodal Mass Transit transportation options is Walking and Biking essential to the future of urban and suburban mobility. This synergy, as seen in Distance Figure 3 Figure 3, provides overlapping and complimentary options that Getaround Taxi Relay Rules Rent cover nearly every trip type. Zipcar Uber As time passes, Communities that adopt and transportation • Hala models are both encourage this model Lyft building on one provide travelers with a SideCar another and Driver-less instacar rapidly iterating holistic, well-rounded ride sharing Share transportation network. Future Vehicle Time frontiers Current patterns and Tickenga future projections also show that the transportation industry is becoming more Single diverse and at a faster pace. person pods Smartphone penetrat on Different models are being Own Driver-less car Mobile GPS created and segmented and sophistication: and cost sub-segmented, as seen in pertormance Figure 4. Figure 4 Graphic: Deloitte University Press | DUPress.com 6

5. Zoning Review and a Look at Other Communities Cambridge Zoning regulations are outlined in the Cambridge Zoning Ordinance Articles 6.21 and 6.24, and "allow the limited use of parking spaces for Carsharing as a means to provide mobility options... thereby promoting City goals by increasing mobility, reducing reliance on automobile ownership and use, and lessening the total demand for parking." The language allows for station-based types of car sharing (round-trip and one-way) with dedicated parking spaces, but appears to exclude the floating model. Companies like Car2Go only operate the floating model and require unrestricted, on-street parking spaces. These companies cannot lawfully conform, excluding their participation in Cambridge's car share network. Similarly, peer-to-peer car sharing companies such as Turo or GetAround are, arguably, business operations that cannot be run in residential districts. Therefore, car owners living in residential districts cannot legally offer their private cars for rent through these platforms. Boston In february 2015, Boston initiated a Requests for Proposals (RFP) for a pilot program, DriveBoston. The RFP called for two programs. The first program made available 40 dedicated public parking spaces, both on-street and in municipal lots, per each CSO. The second provided 150 floating permits provided to CSO's that operated a station-free floating model. The goals were outlined to:4 • Reduce personally owned vehicles by targeting high car/low mileage areas • Multiply the number of mobility options, fill transit gaps, provide flexibility in mode choice, and alleviate congestion • Increase car sharing visibility • Connect and support "Main Street Districts" Boston received responses trom, and signed contracts witn Zipcar and Enterprise CarShare, but failed to formalize an agreement with CarGo, the biggest "floating" offeror. Car 2Go has been looking to join the Boston market for years, but said the pilot offering was not ambitious enough to deliver a viable service. The pilot moved forward with Zipcar and Enterprise CarShare with 80 dedicated parking spaces, 49 in municipal lots and 31 on-street. The pilot has been extended an additional year due to positive results and feedback:" • Car share vehicles were driven seven times more than personally owned vehicles • The average number of unique users per vehicle was 23, as opposed to two for a personally owned vehicle • Low-income neighborhoods saw the biggest demand and highest utilization rates 7

New York City, San Francisen, Seattle, Washington D.C., Hoboken NJ Similar to Boston, these cities have pioneered car share pilots in similar fashion. The common threads are access to dedicated on-street spaces and requirements for underserved neighborhoods. New York City Council supported car share legislation, signed in 2017, to establish an on-street car share pilot program." Minneapolis-Saint Paul The Iwin Cities lost one of their CSO's due to high taxes. Car rental taxes total around 22%, justified by the fact that most rentals are made by business travelers, tourists, and other out- of-towners.! Car sharing is just the opposite, competing with car owners, not rental companies, and are almost entirely local. Legislation was introduced in 2017, now in committee, to exempt CSO's from rental taxes and fees.® California, Oregon, Washington Governor Arnold. Schwarzenegger signed new legislation in 2010 allowing residents to share their personally owned cars in vehicle sharing pools without risk of losing their car insurance (insurance companies previously did not cover a customer who shared their car in exchange for money). California was the first in the nation to pass such legislation.? Oregon followed shortly after in 2011, and Washington in 2012. '° This facilitates individuals' participation in the PZP car share economy. 6. Recommendations Given Cambridge's desire to minimize personal car ownership and use, it makes sense to allow people to rent their personally owned vehicles through either B2C or P2P car sharing companies. Because a vehicle's safety is assured by already required state inspections and because insurance is assigned to the car and required for a car to be registered in Massachusetts, the City would be put in the position of guaranteeing vehicle safety for car sharing as it is for home sharing. Further, unlike home sharing programs, renting of personal cars does not deplete an important local resource such as housing. It would be important, however, to ensure that people were not building rental fleets for operation out of residential districts. Because greater ease of car sharing would be a net benefit for the City, reducing the need for car ownership by residents, and because there is no need for City oversight beyond traditional zoning enforcement, there would be no need for a permit or fee process to be associated with this program. Accordingly, the City Council should amend the zoning ordinance to allow residents of Cambridge who have registered their car in Cambridge to offer one car to the general public via a car sharing platform. A possible zoning amendment would read as such: 8

4.27 Peer-to-Peer Car Sharing. Any passenger vehicle registered in Cambridge may be rented by its owners) to the general public via an internet-based car sharing platform regardless of the zoning district in which that vehicle is garaged or regularly parked. 4.27.1 Only one car per residential unit may be rented in this fashion. 9

References 1- Morris, David. (2016/03/13). Today's Cars Are Parked 95% of the Time. http://fortune.com/2016/03/13/cars-parked-95-percent-of-time/ 2- McNew, Linsey. (2014/10/14). Americans Will Waste $2.8 Trillion on Traffic by 2030 if Gridlock Persists. http://inrix.com/press-releases/americans-will-waste-2-8-trillion-on-traffic-by- 2030-if-gridlock-persists/ 3- City of Cambridge. Ordinance Number 1380. http://www.cambridgema.gov/~/media/Files/CDD/ZoningDevel/Amendments/Ordinances/zngam end_1380_carsharing.pdf?la=en 4- City of Boston. (2015/02/02). DriveBoston, A Request for Proposals for a Boston Vehicle Sharing Program. 5- City of Boston. DriveBoston. https://www.boston.gov/transportation/drive-boston#drive-boston- pilot-results 6- New York City Department of Transportation. (2017/06). New York City Carshare Pilot. http://nycdotcarshare.info/sites/default/files/2017-06/Qn14_carshare_6.13.17.pdf 7- Moore, Janet. (2017/02/11). CarGo and gone: Legislation aims to lure more car-sharing services to TC. http://www.startribune.com/car2go-and-gone-legislation-aims-to-lure-more-car- sharing-services-to-tc/413444813/ 8- Bill Track MN HF522. https://www.billtrack50.com/BillDetail/799027 9- Gorenflo, Neal. (2010/09/29). California's P2P Car-sharing Bill Signed into Law https://www.shareable.net/blog/californias-p2p-car-sharing-bill-signed-into-law 10- Does the car sharing legislation in California, Washington, and Oregon affect me? https://support.turo.com/hc/en-us/articles/203991840-Does-the-car-sharing-legislation-in- California-Washington-and-Oregon-affect-me- Figure 1- Gutierrez, Mark. (2018/04/03). Modes of Transportation- Automobile. Figure 2- Gutierrez, Mark. Figure 3- Kelley, Craig. Figure 4- Gutierrez, Mark. Figure 5- Ali. Available Turo Rental in Boston. https://turo.com/rentals/cars/ma/boston/honda- accord/280229?s=wIVVrY-Z Figure 6- Zipcar Green: How Car Sharing Helps the Environment [Infographic] http://www.zipcar.com/ziptopia/inside-zipcar/zipcar-green-how-car-sharing-helps-the- environment-infographic Figure 7- Rapier, Graham. (2017/06/15). Bank of America: We've reached 'peak car. http://www.businessinsider.com/bank-of-america-weve-reached-peak-car-2017- 6?r=UK&IR=T Figure 8- Hagel, J., Seely-Brown, J., Samoylova, T., Lui, M. (2013/10/04). From exponential technologies to exponential innovation. https://www2.deloitte.com/insights/us/en/industry/technology/from-exponential- technologies-to-exponential-innovation.html 10

Disclaimer Mark Gutierrez, author of this memo, worked for Zipcar from 2013-2016 and had decision- making authority on the DriveBoston pilot, municipal relationships and expansion plans (including in Cambridge), and other relevant projects. 11

ATTACHMENTC Carsharing in Cambridge June 5, 2018 Public Utilities Transportation and Committee Hearing

Mobility as a Service Transportation landscape is evolving quickly Image source: www.runhare.org

Early adopter Kathy Watkins Zipcar founder Robin Chase Zipcar Launches in Cambridge in 2000 zipcar.com

shared-use mobility MODES BIKE SHARING SCOOTER SHARING RIDE SOURCING TAXIS & LIMOS RIDESHARING CARSHA Shared-Use Mobility: • Ridesharing: carpooling or vanpooling • Driverless vehicles = carsharing + ride-hailing bikeshare services) and electric scooter sharing personal vehicles, and CarGo for free-floating vehicles bikesharing (station-based Blue Bikes and newer dockless • Others: Public transit, shuttles, micro-transit (Via, Chariot), • Carsharing: Zipcar for round-trip or one-way, Turo for sharing Transportation services shared among users • Ride-hailing: Taxis, Lyft, Uber, (with single or multiple passengers)

BAY STATE Ridesharing COMMUTE waze CARPOOL Carsharing Ride-hailing

of streets Efficient use Biking Walking Carsharing Carpooling Mass transit Personal car Ridesharing/ Goods movement

in Carshare Status of Cambridge Companies Bonzer pilot • Peer-to-peer Zipcar (154 spaces) Turo and GetAround • 154 Round-trip and 20 one-way • No longer serving the Boston area Enterprise and Hertz Carshare • Handful of tiny electric cars serving one-way trips • Other carshare providers that never served Boston CarGo (Daimler), ReachNow (BMW), Maven (GM)

Reasons residents responses Public process • Support and concerns • Carsharing was not clearly defined or regulated • Unclear regulations have impeded growth of carsharing • 9 neighborhood meetings over 5 months, online survey with 1,000 • Especially restrictive in areas where it would be most convenient to Carsharing Zoning Adopted January 11, 2016

(Car2Go) parking facility Current zoning • No complaints from neighborhood residents • Unlimited # in a non-residential accessory parking facility • Didn't address peer-to-peer carsharing (Turo) or floating model • Up to 25% of carsharing vehicles allowed in a residential accessory • Unlimited # of carsharing vehicles in a principal use parking facility • Grandfathered all existing legally conforming parking spaces locations

• Compare curb use, etc. Future of Mobility Study • Creating many different classes for vehicles vs • Shared Mobility Principles for Livable Cities • Response to Council Orders 17-71 and 17-82 • FY19 CDD funding: $50K. FY20 CDD funding anticipated: $50K. • Includes exploration of shared-ride services as a policy priority • Exploring the idea of charging vehicles the real costs of parking, congestion,

• Enforcement challenges originated in Cambridge • 6.8 million Uber/Lyft rides • Test pick-up/drop-off areas • 64 rides per person per year Use for Ride-Hailing Examination of Curb

Discussion Community Department Development Stephanie Groll,

ATTACHMENT zipcars RECOMMENDATIONS l Zipcars UTILITIES COMMITTEE 45 trips ***** 2 mi HONDA ACCORD 2008 A l CAR-SHARE: OVERVIEW, ZONING AND PERMITTING TRANSPORTATION & PUBLIC * BOOK INSTANTLY per day 52 ATTACHMENTD

Trip Type: Floating Round-trip private fleets CSO platform B2B- CSO provides Car-Share Operator technology to enable (CSO) Business Models: out personal vehicles on P2P- Vehicle owners rent One-Way (station-based) available to member base B2C- CSO-managed fleet Car Personal ownership Traditional Ownership *sharing economy THE CAR-SHARE INDUSTRY Hertz, Avis Traditional Car Rental Zipcar Floating One-Way/ Round-Trip CarGo, Zipcar Peer-to-Peer GetAround, Turo Car-Share carpool Lytt Line Traditional Carpool Uber Pool, Ride-Hail shared leases. Ride-Share Bridj, Lyft Shuttle, Chariot Uber, Lyft Ride-Hail Licensed taxi Traditional practiced by friends and neighbors, or 2) - Fractional ownership: as 1) traditionally companies offering fractional ownership or - Micro-transit: privately operated transit e.g. Taxicab *Not listed here due to low adoption/availability:

network public transit parking spaces need to own a car insurance, gas, parking) wear and tear on roads Less pollution, cleaner air Provides an alternative to More robust transportation (car payments, maintenance, Encourages walking, biking, and Reduced traffic and congestion, ownership and associated costs • Ability to downsize or eliminate More available and better use of Responses: 977 and I still don't From: Cambridge Residents • I got rid of my only car I got rid of my second car City of Cambridge Survey, January 2015 when I otherwise would have i didn't buy a car (or second car) i didn't have a car before I joined i kept my car, but use carsharing for I had no change in my car ownership special purposes (such as van rental) BENEFITS OF EMBRACING CAR-SHARE 40% 7% After I became a member: 7% 16% the past, how has carsharing affected your car ownership? 26% 4% Survey: If you ARE a carshare member now or WERE a carshare member in

Flexibility Biking Walking and Source: Center for Automotive Research Microtransit Ridehailing / Taxi Carsharing Distance Mass Transit Ownership Ridesharing / Carpooling Car Rental and another and transportation As time passes, building on one models are both rapidly iterating. pertormance saphistication Smartphone and cost Mobile GPS penetration Vehicle TRANSPORTATION NETWORK & TIMELINE Time Rent Own Taxi Driver-fess Single Share person pods inde Getaround PickupPal Zipcar Uber Lyft Relay Rules Halo Instacar SideCar Tickengo Future Graphx: Deloitte University Press | DUPress.com frontiers Driver-less ride sharing

PAST DISCUSSIONS allow, with a special emphasis on peer-to-peer platforms such as Turo or GetAround companies such as Zipcar to operate in certain areas where they had not previously been legal. • The City reviewed car-sharing concerns in 2015 and altered the zoning to allow commercial car-sharing Memo by Mark Gutierrez in 2018 highlights the new car-sharing opportunities that web-based platforms

vehicle owners. RECOMMENDATIONS TPTD upon register the parking spaces. registered in Cambridge that charges a use-based fee related to a specific vehicle. • I. Clarify the car-sharing zoning regulations, 6.24, to clearly allow Peer-to-Peer car-sharing on private property 6.24.2 (b): Carsharing Organization shall be defined as a membership-based entity with either a distributed 6.24.3 (g): Prior to assigning parking spaces for use by Carsharing Vehicles, the Carsharing Organization shall provide contact information for the Carsharing Organization, or in the case of a privately owned vehicle, the vehicle's owner, so that residents may ask questions or report concerns related to the operation of the Carsharing Vehicles. A copy of notification and a list of the addresses to which it was sent shall be provided to send a written notification to all residential dwellings within one hundred (100) feet of the facility in which the spaces are located, including any access and egress drives. Notifications shall be sent to individual dwelling units users without any assistance or supervision by company personnel but may require interaction with private fleet of Carsharing Vehicles or a platform that allows member access to privately owned vehicles that are 6.24.3 (d): Carsharing Vehicles administered by a Carsharing Organization shall be routinely accessed directly by or to a residential building manager if applicable, to distributed to residents. The notification shall, at a minimum,

2. Correct section mislabeling RECOMMENDATIONS 6.24.5 "Allowed Modifications" needs to be corrected to 6.25.6 6.24.4 "Accessory Parking Provisions" needs to be corrected to 6.24.5 Carsharing Vehicle is being used by a resident of or visitor to the single family home. 6.25.4 "Principal Use Parking Provisions" follows 6.24.3, and needs to be corrected to 6.24.4 parking spaces provided to serve the principal residential use on the lot, whichever is greater. 6.24.4 (b): Within parking facilities that are accessory to residential uses, the number of parking spaces 6.24.4 (c): Driveways of single family residential homes may not be used by Carsharing Vehicles, except when the maintained for active use by commercially owned Carsharing Vehicles shall not exceed twenty-five percent (25%) of either the minimum number of parking spaces required by zoning or special permit or the number of

Hertz on Demand. From IP&T: Car Share Vehicles: RECOMMENDATIONS • 3. Clarify parking regulations to allow for on-street use of peer-to-peer car-sharing vehicle on a public street where it can be accessed by would-be renters. to-peer car-share vehicles, in locations throughout the City posted "Parking by Permit Only". If you are a Cambridge resident providing a personal vehicle for car-sharing via a peer-to-peer • If you are a Cambridge resident using a car share vehicle with the name of the company that owns the vehicle printed on the vehicle, you are allowed to park in a resident permit parking area near your home platform such as Turo or GetAround, a Cambridge residential parking sticker is required to park that Resident Parking Permits allow Cambridge residents to park their vehicles, including motorcycles and peer- without a resident or visitor parking permit. Car sharing companies include ZipCar, Enterprise CarShare and

• Other? • CDD (zoning besides 6.24?) 5. Submit zoning language by 25 June • 4. How do department regulations change? 1. Clarify existing car-sharing regulations with • License Commission (non located thus far) NEXT STEPS & DISCUSSION • TP&T (are there other parking regulations besides those cited here?) 2. How many privately-owned car-share vehicles are allowed per housing unit? did with AirB&B? Currently, the regulations seem to say that would be the case: 6.24.3 (e): All owners of that portion of a lot accommodating the operation or parking of a Carsharing Vehicle, or their legally authorized representative, including a condominium association where applicable, 3. Do landlords and condo associations have to okay tenants' and residents' offering peer-to-peer car-share as we shall be required to grant permission for the operation or parking of a Carsharing Vehicle on their property.

ATTACHMENTE Testimony of Maureen Glynn, Esq. Murphy Donoghue Partners, Boston on Behalf of Turo Inc. Regarding Cambridge City Council, Transportation Committee Public Hearing - Overview on car sharing. Members of the Cambridge City Council Committee on Transportation and Public Utilities. My name is Maureen Glynn with the firm of Murphy Donoghue Partners located at 100 Cambridge Street in Boston. We represent Turo here in Massachusetts on the state and local level. Thank you for the opportunity to speak on behalf of my client, the nation's leading peer-to-peer car sharing company with roots here in Cambridge where it started out as Relay Rides in 2009. In fact, Cambridge is home to a Turo engineering center where currently 18 people are employed. I am grateful for the opportunity to share our point of view on a potential ordinance to update the zoning code to allow Cambridge residents the ability to engage in peer to peer car sharing. But first, I'd like to give you a little background about Turo and our customers who live in Massachusetts and in Cambridge. Turo offers an online platform for car owners and travelers or neighbors to meet and make arrangements to share a car. The platform allows car owners to ear a little extra income to help cover their car payment, make ends meet, or simply offset the high cost of car ownership. Turo travelers or neighbors - the Guests - use Turo to find cars they need for a special occasion or specific purpose. With over 800 makes and models available nationwide, Turo Guests can choose exactly the car and price they need for their individual circumstances. In Cambridge, there are currently 39 hosts listing 1 vehicle (73.58%) and 9 hosts listing 2 vehicles (16.98%). Overall, 90% of Turo hosts share two or fewer cars. In Massachusetts, there are 2,000 Turo hosts contributing to 369,000 days of car sharing, with 124,000 locals signed up for Turo and 7,000 out of state visitors sharing an owner's car, In

addition, Turo provides protections for their customers - up to $1 million in liability coverage (provided by MA based Liberty Mutual) and up to full repair or replacement of the car. The report put together by Councilor Kelley has the best of intentions - to make the zoning laws reflect the reality that residents are engaging in peer to peer car sharing. Like this body, our customers also believe that the 1 billion + cars on the planet should be put to better use. They know that manufacturing and parking hundreds of cars in enormous lots has an impact on our planet, and in using Turo they can increase utilization of existing cars and help fight climate change. Updating laws to refiect the realities of the sharing economy, can, however, have unintended consequences. By limiting the number of cars that a resident can share on our or any other platform, would have the opposite effect of what we are all trying to accomplish - which is to reduce the number of vehicles on the road. For this reason, we would respectfully request that you consider the relatively small number of hosts residing in the city and suggest that a more streamlined approach would be to examine the feasibility of setting a limit on the number of resident parking permits issued to an individual or household. I would like to thank Councilor Kelley and his staff for reaching out to Turo and being willing to engage in a thoughtful conversation about peer-to-peer car sharing. We remain available to continue this dialogue and look forward to working with the Council as this matter moves forward.