A communication transmitted from Louis A. DePasquale, City Manager, relative to the votes necessary to seek approval from the Massachusetts Department of Revenue of the tax rate for FY2019

1 October 1, 2018 To The Honorable, the City Council: The establishment of the FY19 property tax rate by the Board of Assessors, subject to the approval of the Massachusetts Department of Revenue, is the final step in the fiscal process that begins in the spring with the submission of the annual budget to the City Council. With this memo, I am transmitting to you my recommendations for the required votes necessary to minimize taxes on residential properties. In addition, you will find analyses of the FY19 property tax levy, property values, and other supporting information. OVERVIEW I am pleased to inform you that the actual FY19 property tax levy is $409,809,861. This is an increase of $20,729,502 or 5.3% from FY18 and reflects the City Council goal to “Ensure the City’s Budget allocates resources responsibly and responsively.” This increase is lower than the estimated increase projected in May 2018, and what was presented to the rating agencies in February. The FY19 Budget adopted by the City Council in May 2018 projected a property tax levy increase of $23 million, or 5.91%, to $412,085,225 in order to fund operating and capital expenditures. The 5.3% property tax levy increase is above the FY18 increase of 4.4% and is the highest since FY13, and above the five-year annual average (FY15-FY19) increase of 4.52%. With approval of these recommendations, the ten-year annual average (FY10-FY19) increase will be 4.86%. The FY19 Adopted Operating Budget increased by 4.22% over the FY18 Adjusted Budget. The City has been able to control budget growth and property tax levy increases, while at the same time expanding services and adding resources to support the City Council priority to create and preserve affordable housing within the City with the addition of a City Manager’s Housing Liaison and an Inclusionary Housing Planner as well as $3.5 million, funded from building permits, which is an increase from $2.8 million in FY18. This in addition to the $10.2 million appropriated by the City Council from FY19 Community Preservation Funds as part of the $24.1 million identified for City initiatives around housing and homelessness in the FY19 Budget. The FY19 Budget also includes funding for a winter warming center to serve our homeless population, an additional $1.1 million in our comprehensive early childhood system, increased investment citywide for the Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM) Initiative, and a 5.4% or $8.5 million property tax increase in School Funding. The FY19 Adopted Budget also includes 25 new positions to provide support for the growth in programs throughout the City. Also, the FY19 Police Budget includes funding to create the “Family and Social Justice Unit” which seeks to formalize its social justice approach to policing and increase its capacity to serve and protect the most vulnerable populations: juveniles, homeless, those suffering from mental illness and substance

2 abuse, seniors in need of dependent care, and survivors of domestic violence and/or sexual assault. The budget also includes funding the creation for the “Office of Procedural Justice.” In addition, the FY19 Budget supported Capital Improvements which included to support cycle five of the Participatory Budget program, supporting information technology initiatives, and our multi-year Municipal Facilities Implementation plan. Based on a property tax levy of $409.8 million, the FY19 residential tax rate will be $5.94 per thousand dollars of value, subject to Department of Revenue approval. This is a decrease of $0.35, or -5.6% from FY18. The commercial tax rate will be $13.71, which is a decrease of $1.10, or -7.4% from FY18. This is the sixth consecutive year that the City has reduced tax rates for both residential and commercial taxpayers, which mitigates the impact of the increase in property values. In May, the City Council was informed that the actual tax levy increase was likely to change. This was based on the possible use of additional non-property tax revenues, which would become available based on FY18 actual collections and final Cherry Sheet distributions. As we previously projected, the use of additional non-property tax revenue and other adjustments have allowed an overall reduction of $2,750,000 from the original projected property tax levy for FY19. This is due to the use of increased non-property tax revenues based on FY18 actuals, which include $1,000,000 in Investment Income, $750,000 in Room Occupancy Excise Taxes, $1,000,000 from increases to building permit revenues, $150,000 in Payment In Lieu of Taxes, and ($150,000) in Penalties and Interest. The final Cherry Sheet had a net negative impact of $408,786 on the property tax levy. Table 1 reflects these changes and other minor adjustments: TABLE I Summary of Tax Levy Changes from Adopted Budget Tax Levy Changes Amount Property Tax Levy As Adopted $412,085,225 Net Cherry Sheet $408,786 Non-Property Tax Revenue $-2,750,000 Overlay Adjustment $65,850 Actual Property Tax Levy $409,809,861 This recommendation includes the use of $11.0 million in reserve accounts to lower the property tax levy: $2.0 million from overlay surplus and $9 million in Free Cash. The certified Free Cash amount of $231,744,243 an increase of $20.7 million or 9.78% over the previous year’s certification, is inflated by $9.0 million in unappropriated mitigation receipts. Per MGL Chapter 144 Section 53, these receipts must flow through the Free Cash certification process before being available for appropriation by the Council. Excluding mitigation receipts, net certified Free Cash will be $222,775,488. The City Manager will be coming before the City Council with a recommendation for the appropriation of mitigation receipts later in the fiscal year. This recommendation also includes the use of $3.5 million from the City Debt Stabilization Fund to offset increases in debt service costs that would otherwise have been funded from property taxes. This

3 amount replenishes the amount recommend for use in FY19 from the Debt Stabilization. Prudent use of reserves allows the City to maintain stability in our taxes while investing in significant capital and infrastructure projects. This strategy of using an increased amount of non-property tax revenues and reserves to lower property taxes will not jeopardize our long-term fiscal health. However, if the City used too much of its reserves in one year to artificially reduce property taxes, it would mean that in the following year, the City would be required to either increase taxes significantly or dramatically reduce expenditures. This prudent and planned use of the City’s reserves has been positively recognized by the three major credit rating agencies and is reflected in our AAA credit rating. It is also important to recognize that a healthy balance of development between residential and commercial be continued to ensure homeowner’s real estate taxes remain affordable. The following pages provide additional details. However, it is important to note that in FY19, with City Council approval of these recommendations and required votes, it will result in the following: a decrease in both the residential and commercial property tax rates, a majority of residential taxpayers will again see a reduction, no increase or an increase of less than a $100 in their property tax bill, an increase in the residential exemption, and a property tax levy increase of $20.7 million or 5.3% that will support a $25.7 million or 4.22% increase in the FY19 Operating and Capital Budgets totaling $636.5 million which contains funding to support priority initiatives supported by the City Council. IMPACT ON TAXPAYERS This will be the fourteenth year in a row that a majority of residential taxpayers will see a reduction, no change, or an increase of less than $100 in their tax bill. In fact, in FY19, 69.8% of residential taxpayers will see a reduction, no increase or an increase of less than $100; and 82.6% of residential taxpayers will see an average increase of less than $250. This is a slight increase from FY18, where 68.9% of residential taxpayers saw a reduction, no increase, or an increase of less than $100 and a decrease where 91.5% of residential taxpayers saw an average increase of less than $250 in FY18. Over the past ten years (FY10-19), the City has seen an average of 71.1% of residential taxpayers see a reduction, no increase, or an increase of less than a $100 to their residential tax bill, and 73.1% over the past five years (FY15-19). We have been able to consistently achieve these results while maintaining and expanding City and school services that citizens have come to expect and while providing a robust capital improvement program. TABLE II Change in the Residential Tax Bills* Change in Tax Payment Number of Parcels Percentage Cumulative % Less than $0 7,155 32.8% - > $0 and less than $100.00 8,083 37.0% 69.8% >$100.00 less than $250.00 2,804 12.8% 82.6% >$250.00 and less than $500.00 2,851 13.1% 95.7% Greater than $500.00 948 4.3% 100% Totals 21,841 100% * Based on Single, Two, Three Family, and Condominiums and assumes the Residential Exemption for each parcel in both years.

4 MEDIAN TAX BILLS The analysis that follows explains in further detail how the City determined property values and property tax rates for FY19. There are three major factors which determine a property tax bill: 1) the Budget, 2) Commercial-Residential Property Tax Classification, and 3) Property Values. As discussed below, all three factors contributed to lower tax bills for many homeowners. The Budget: If the City Council adopts the proposed recommendations, there will be a 5.3% increase in the property tax levy required to balance the FY19 Budget, which supports the City Council Goal to “Ensure the City’s Budget allocates resources responsibly and responsively.” Commercial-Residential Property Tax Classification: Tax classification allows municipalities to tax commercial taxpayers at a higher rate than residential taxpayers. In FY19, commercial property owners will pay 65.4% of the property tax levy, the same share as in FY18. Consequently, residential property owners’ share of the FY19 tax levy is 34.6%, also the same as in FY18. Property Values: Every January 1st, the City of Cambridge must meet Department of Revenue requirements to certify that property values represent full and fair market value. As a result of the market activity in calendar year 2017, which is the basis of the FY19 property assessment, total residential property values increased by 11.33%. Total commercial property values increased by 14.28%. This year’s increase in total values reflects the robust real estate market, which has been driven by continued new construction in both residential and commercial classes, as well as the continued desirability of the Cambridge market. While the City has no control over the increase in property values, it does have control over levy increases, which ultimately impact taxes paid by homeowners. As has been past practice, increases in property values have been mitigated by a decrease in the tax rate, translating into stable tax bills for Cambridge residents. Additionally, a major concern going forward is that if residential value increases outpace commercial/industrial/personal property increases, the City could hit the ceiling for the property tax classification shift. Once the classification ceiling is reached, the residential class will bear the majority of any tax levy increase. As part of the process, the City must successfully complete the Department of Revenue’s (DOR) interim year certification process of the City’s real and personal property values, system and methodologies. TABLE III Change in the Median Value and Tax Bill by Property Class* FY18 Value FY18 Tax Bill FY19 Value FY19 Tax Bill Dollar Change Percent Change Single Family $1,124,700 $4,942 $1,228,700 $5,066 $124 2.5% Condominium $583,900 $1,541 $638,750 $1,562 $21 1.4% Two Family $1,083,400 $4,682 $1,213,100 $4,974 $292 6.2% Three Family $1,238,100 $5,655 $1,406,700 $6,124 $469 8.3% * Includes Residential Exemption

5 CITY-WIDE ASSESSED VALUES FY19 values are based on market activity that occurred during calendar year 2017, during which the overall valuation of both the City’s residential property and commercial property increased. This reflects an increase in commercial rental rates and a slight decrease in commercial vacancies, which has an impact on existing commercial property values. The major components which impact the commercial values are the construction of life science buildings and the personal property associated with these developments. For FY19, the total assessed value of taxable property in the City equals $48,977,140,090, a $5.4 billion or 12.28% increase over FY18 values. The actual FY19 total assessed values are greater than the projections presented to the rating agencies in February 2018 due to continued strength in the Cambridge real estate market. In FY19, the market for both commercial and residential properties increased at a faster pace than most of the Greater Boston area, resulting in the continuation of a tax distribution similar to FY18 between commercial taxpayers and residential taxpayers. It is important to note that given this environment and the City’s ability to control taxes, a limited number of abatement requests have allowed for a $2 million overlay surplus to be applied towards lowering the FY19 property tax levy, as has been our practice in prior years. The table below breaks out new construction values and tax base levy growth due to new construction by property type. This new construction growth, coupled with moderate budget increases, has allowed the City to maintain the classification of taxes and increase the City’s excess levy capacity. TABLE IV New Construction Breakdown Property Class New Value FY19 Tax Base Levy Growth (New Growth) Commercial Property $468,374,300 $6,962,038 Personal Property $293,456,266 $4,348,138 Residential Property $482,670,120 $3,037,090 Total New Growth $1,244,500,686 $14,347,266 TABLE V Assessed Values (in millions) FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 Commercial Property $10,491 $11,874 $13,745 $15,719 $17,963 Personal Property $1,090 $1,222 $1,387 $1,474 $1,595 Residential Property $18,562 $21,584 $24,498 $26,426 $29,419 Total Assessed Value $30,143 $34,680 $39,630 $43,619 $48,977 For FY19, the City was able to increase its levy limit by approximately $28.6 million, to $599.2 million. Approximately $14.3 million of this increase was due to new construction. State law allows

6 the City to increase its tax levy limit by an amount equal to the total FY19 value of newly constructed or renovated property, multiplied by the FY18 tax rate. The remaining $14.3 million is the 2.5% increase over the FY18 levy allowed by Proposition 2½. The City’s excess levy capacity increased by approximately $7.9 million, or 4.35%, to $189.4 million in FY19. TABLE VI Tax Levy/Tax Levy Limit/Excess Levy Capacity (in thousands) Actual FY14 Actual FY15 Actual FY16 Actual FY17 Actual FY18 Estimate FY19 Levy Limit $446,046 $475,411 $509,473 $540,960 $570,550 $599,171 Actual Levy $328,545 $341,445 $354,431 $372,674 $389,080 $409,810 % Actual Levy Increase over Prior Year 3.66% 3.93% 3.80% 5.15% 4.40% 5.33% Excess Levy Capacity $117,501 $133,966 $155,042 $168,286 $181,470 $189,361 % Change of Excess Levy Capacity Over Prior Year 12.9% 14.01% 15.7% 8.54% 7.83% 4.35% In addition to providing greater flexibility under Proposition 2½, tax payments from newly constructed properties also work to mitigate increases on existing properties. For a detailed listing of assessment changes by district, please see Attachment 1. FY19 VALUATION PROCESS Each year, the Board of Assessors conducts a reappraisal of all property within the City. The residential and commercial valuation models are refined each year to reflect market conditions which have impacted assessed values. This fiscal year, the Department of Revenue (DOR) conducted statistical validation of the models. The FY19 valuation model is based upon sales of property that occurred during calendar year 2017, to establish the market value of all property as of January 1, 2018. For FY19, the number of assessing districts has remained unchanged. In prior years, some consolidation of districts took place to create a larger sales sample size. The ultimate test for any mass appraisal model is the comparison between actual sales not part of the model building process and the predicted value from the model. Comparing the FY18 model to calendar year 2017 sales data, the model showed the following results.

7 TABLE VII Residential Sales Price/Assessment Comparison Property Type Sale Count Median Sale Price Median Assessment Single Family 94 $1,520,010 $1,266,200 Two Family 48 $1,385,000 $1,096,200 Three Family 27 $1,499,000 $1,184,500 Condominiums 593 $726,000 $626,200 The assessment ratios were between 79%-86% of calendar year 2017 sales, reflecting increasing market values during the last year. Calendar year 2017 sales demonstrated that the FY18 model needed to be updated based on current market trends and overall property class statistics. The individual neighborhoods also showed some inconsistent growth trends and required review. As a result, sales data from the calendar year 2017 real estate market has been utilized, along with what was learned from the prior year abatement activity, to establish the FY19 assessed values as of January 1, 2018. Using technologies such as the Geographical Information System (GIS) allowed for a more in-depth review of data. Using GIS, the Board of Assessors was able to visually display market activity and thereby validate the assessing districts using this information. Modifications were made to the residential and condominium models, as well as to residential land values. The residential land had adjustments for neighborhood, while the residential model was recalibrated for use, grade, finished basements and condition adjustments. The condominium model was adjusted by neighborhood for market conditions as of the assessment date. In addition, 4,018 inspections were completed along with a detailed field review of property. These inspections served to ensure consistency within neighborhoods and across the city. The analysis for determining property values depends on several factors: the trends of the real estate market in the areas of sales; property improvements; changes in the economics of real estate finance and the high demand for real estate in the city. To arrive at full and fair cash values for 24,726 parcels, the Assessing Department uses a state-of-the-art Computer Assisted Mass Appraisal system (CAMA). Market adjusted cost approach models, extracted from residential sales for calendar year 2017, were refined to best reflect the equity of comparable properties as demonstrated in the various neighborhoods. Sales of over 1,000 houses and condominium units were analyzed to develop these valuation models by property type (one-family, two-family, three-family, and condominium units). COMMUNITY PRESERVATION ACT SURCHARGE In November 2001, Cambridge voters approved adoption of the Community Preservation Act (CPA), a State law that allows the City to receive matching funds from the State for money raised locally in support of affordable housing, historic preservation and open space. The local portion of CPA funding is raised through a 3% surcharge on taxes. The CPA surcharge has an essentially neutral impact on tax bills because funding of affordable housing and historic preservation initiatives has been shifted from the tax levy to the surcharge. However, the State match has enabled the City to provide additional funding for these initiatives. To date, Cambridge has received more CPA matching funds from the Commonwealth than any other participating community. Consequently, Cambridge residents will continue to benefit from affordable housing, historic preservation and open space initiatives throughout the City for years to come.

8 To date, the City has appropriated/reserved a total of $193.3 million in CPA funds, of which $51.4 million can be attributed to the State match. TABLE VIII Community Preservation Act Surcharge FY18 Median CPA Surcharge Amount FY19 Median CPA Surcharge Amount FY19 Median Tax FY19 Median Tax & CPA Surcharge Amount Single Family $129 $134 $5,066 $5,200 Condominium $27 $29 $1,562 $1,591 Two Family $122 $131 $4,974 $5,105 Three Family $151 $166 $6,124 $6,290 RECOMMENDATIONS 1. That the City Council vote to authorize the use of $9,000,000 in Free Cash to reduce the FY19 tax rate. 2. That the City Council vote to authorize $2,000,000 in overlay surplus/reserves to be used for reducing the FY19 tax rate. 3. That the City Council vote to authorize $3,500,000 from the City Debt Stabilization Fund to be used as a revenue source to the General Fund Budget, which was included in the FY19 Adopted Budget. 4. That the City Council appropriate $3,500,000 from Free Cash to the City Debt Stabilization Fund. 5. That the City Council classify property within the City of Cambridge into the five classes allowed for the purpose of allocating the property tax. It is further recommended that the City Council adopt a minimum residential factor of 57.5386%. 6. That the City Council approve the residential exemption factor of 30% for owner occupied homes, which should result in a residential tax rate of $5.94 and commercial tax rate of $13.71 upon final approval by the Massachusetts Department of Revenue. 7. That the City Council vote to double the normal value of the statutory exemptions. 8. That the City Council vote to increase the FY18 exemption allowed under Massachusetts General Laws (MGL) Chapter 59, Section 5, Clause 17D from $314 to $322. 9. That the City Council vote to increase the FY18 asset limits allowed under Massachusetts General Laws (MGL) Chapter 59, Section 5, Clause 17E from $62,205 to $63,760. 10. That the City Council vote to increase the FY18 income and assets limits for elderly persons (age 65 or older). Income limits of $25,721 to $26,364 for those who are single and $38,582 to $39,547

9 for those who are married, asset limits of $51,439 to $52,725 for those who are single and $70,730 to $72,498 for those who are married, as allowed under MGL, Chapter 59, Section 5, Clause 41D. 11. That the City Council vote the income limit for deferral of real estate taxes by elderly persons (at least 65 years old) as determined by the Commissioner of Revenue for the purposes of MGL, Chapter 62, Section 6, subsection (k), for a single person who is not head of household ($57,000) and for a married couple ($86,000), as allowed under MGL Chapter 59, Section 5, Clause 41A. The reduction of the interest rate to 4% for deferred taxes, which was approved by the City Council previously, will continue. ISSUES/REQUIRED VOTES As the City Council is aware, by the time the classification vote is taken in the fall of each year, the options for the City are fairly limited. Failure to approve the recommended classification, residential exemption and the doubling of statutory exemptions would result in significantly higher taxes for residential property owners. After the classification vote is taken, the establishment of the tax rate is a fairly simple mathematical calculation: the tax levy required to support the City budget, divided by the total assessed valuation (less any exemptions), equals the tax rate for FY19. The following is a summary of the votes required by the City Council. • Authorize $9,000,000 in Free Cash to Reduce the FY19 Tax Levy. For the fiscal year that ended June 30, 2018, the City of Cambridge has a certified Free Cash balance of $231,744,243, an increase of approximately $20.7 million from the previous year. This balance represents the highest amount in the City’s history. However, this increase includes approximately $9.0 million in unappropriated mitigation receipts which, according to MGL chapter 44 section 53, must flow through the Free Cash certification process before the receipts are available for appropriation by the Council. After the reduction of mitigation funds, the net certified Free Cash Balance is $222.8 million. The City Manager will be coming before the City Council with a recommendation for the appropriation of mitigation receipts later in the fiscal year. The $9.0 million in the Free Cash authorization is requested at this time from the City’s Free Cash balance in order to reduce the property tax levy increase. The Department of Revenue (DOR) does not allow formal authorizations of Free Cash by the City Council until the DOR has certified a Free Cash balance at the conclusion of the fiscal year. • Transfer of Excess Overlay Balances. The City is authorized to increase each tax levy by up to five percent as an “overlay” to provide for tax abatements. If abatements are granted in excess of the applicable overlay, the excess is required to be added to the next tax levy, or transfers may be made from surplus balances from prior fiscal years. Overall, the City has approximately $17.2 million in overlay balances as of June 30, 2018. However, there are cases pending at the Appellate Tax Board for which the City must have sufficient balances to cover abatements if it loses these cases. Based upon the overall size of the overlay surplus, I am recommending that the City use $2.0 million of this surplus to decrease the tax levy. Based on the level of the overall current surplus, the City would continue to use $2.0 million for this purpose in future years. This conservative approach will allow the City to maintain a sufficient overlay reserve while reducing older overlay balances to help lower the tax levy.

10 • Authorize $3,500,000 in City Debt Stabilization Funds. In recognition of increases in debt service costs related to major capital projects, the City established a City Debt Stabilization Fund. The Adopted FY19 Budget included $3.5 million from this source to fund debt service costs related to the elementary school reconstruction program. • Appropriate $3,500,000 in Free Cash to the City’s Debt Stabilization Fund. This Free Cash appropriation of $3.5 million to the City’s Debt Stabilization Fund will be used to mitigate anticipated debt service costs in future years for the City’s major capital projects, especially in relation to the School Reconstruction Program. • Classify Property and Establish Minimum Residential Factor. Since 1984, the City Council has voted annually to follow State law allowing the classification of property according to use (residential or commercial) and to allocate the legal maximum portion of the tax levy to the commercial class. State law allows the residential portion of the tax levy to be as low as 50% of what it would be if there were single tax rates. However, there are two exceptions to the 50% minimum: The residential percent of the levy cannot drop to less than its lowest level since classification was initially voted by the City Council (34.5615% in 1985 in Cambridge); and the 50% level does not cause the commercial class to bear a portion of the levy greater than 175% of what it would be if both classes were taxed equally. The City Council sets the levy distribution each year by voting for a Minimum Residential Factor. The result of voting for the Minimum Residential Factor of 57.5386% this year will be a residential property share of the total tax levy of 34.5615%. Commercial property will pay 65.4385% of the levy, which brings the commercial portion of the levy to 163.869% of what it would be with a single tax rate. • Residential Exemptions. Home Rule Legislation allowing the City to increase the residential exemption from 20% to 30% was filed by a unanimous vote of the City Council and signed into law in September 2003. This change enables the City to grant owner occupants of residential properties a deduction of up to 30% of the average residential parcel value before the tax rate is applied. I am recommending that the City Council accept the Residential Exemption of 30%. This amount is deducted from the assessed value of each owner-occupied property prior to applying the tax rate. The residential exemption serves to reduce the effective tax rate on lower valued properties while raising it on higher valued properties. Since the same amount is deducted from every value, its impact is greatest on the lower valued properties. The residential exemption is paid for by raising the residential tax rate sufficiently to cover the number of taxpayers claiming the residential exemption. For FY19, there are approximately 14,820 residential exemptions on the Assessing Department files on owner-occupied homes. The Assessing Department conducts random audits and responds to inquiries about individuals claiming the residential exemption, to ensure the validity of the program. If Cambridge did not adopt a residential exemption, the residential tax rate would be $4.81 instead of $5.94. The higher tax rate results in a "break-even" value over which the higher valued residential properties are assessed higher taxes than would be the case if there were no residential exemption. In FY19, the break-even assessed value is approximately $1,975,500.

11 30% Residential Exemption FY2017 FY2018 FY2019 Value Exempted $315,191 $338,983 $375,800 Tax Savings $2,046 $2,132 $2,232 ● Double Statutory Exemptions/Exemption Increases. State legislation requires cities and towns to grant a variety of tax exemptions to elderly taxpayers, blind taxpayers, veterans and surviving spouses who qualify by virtue of residency, income, and assets. There are also two pieces of legislation which authorize cities and towns to increase the amounts of these exemptions. The first allows cities and towns to double the statutory amount of exemption for taxpayers whose tax bills have increased over the prior year's bill. The City Council must vote annually for this increase. I am recommending that the Council do this for FY19, as it has since FY87. The second allows cities and towns under Massachusetts General Laws (MGL) Chapter 59, Section 5, Clause 17D to increase the amount of the exemption for a senior citizen 70 or older, surviving spouse, or minor with a deceased parent, by the increase in the cost-of-living as measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The cost of living adjustment (COLA), as determined by the DOR, is measured by the increase in the United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Price Index for Urban Consumers, Boston (CPI-U) for the previous calendar year. The percentage increase for this period was 2.5%. Therefore, the FY19 exemption amounts, income limits or asset limits under these local options will increase over the FY18 amounts and limits. Therefore, the FY19 exemption will be $322. In addition, under Clause 17E, cities and towns can increase the asset amounts by the CPI percentage for this same group. The FY19 amounts increases to $63,760 from $62,205. MGL Chapter 59, Section 5, Clause 41D allows cities and towns to increase the income and assets limits for elderly persons (age 65 or older) by the CPI percentage. For FY19, the income limits will be $26,364 for those who are single, $39,547 for those who are married, and the asset limits will be $52,725 for those who are single and $72,498 for those who are married. ● Income Limit for Tax Deferral. Another form of tax relief available to property owners under state law is found in MGL Chapter 59, Section 3, Clause 41A. This statute allows taxpayers who are at least 65 years old to defer tax payments until they are deceased or the property is transferred. The statutory income limit for this deferral is $40,000. However, a change in the statute, allows the City Council to vote to increase the income limit for deferral of real estate taxes by elderly persons (at least 65 years old) from $40,000 to the amount determined by the Commissioner of Revenue for the purposes of subsection (k) of section 6 of chapter 62, (currently $57,000 for a single person and $86,000 for a married couple, which may be indexed by Massachusetts DOR for FY18), as allowed under MGL Chapter 59, Section 5, Clause 41A. I am recommending that the City Council vote to adopt the deferral amount. The City Council has previously voted to reduce the interest percentage to 4% on deferred property tax balances.

12 CONCLUSION In May, the City Council adopted an FY19 Budget that continues to provide stability and reinvests in our community. The Budget expands City and school services, includes new programs and 25 new positions, which help support a variety of new initiatives and City Council priorities, and provides for a robust capital plan, including funding to continue the multi-year school reconstruction program and funding for affordable housing initiatives in addition to CPA funds. This has been achieved by our strong fiscal practices, which control budget growth and property tax levy increases. Approximately 65% of the revenues that fund the City’s budget are raised through property taxes. Massachusetts communities are limited in how they can raise revenues, resulting in a greater reliance on the property tax, since it is the largest and most stable revenue. The City has been able to achieve a lower property tax rate and lower residential property tax bill than surrounding communities due to its ability to generate diverse non-property tax revenues, foster new construction, control budget growth, and plan prudent use of reserves. Overall, continued sound financial management and planning have enabled the City Council to limit the growth of residential property taxes in FY19. In addition, with City Council approval, the City will use $11.0 million of reserves (free cash/overlay surplus) in FY19 to lessen the amount to be raised from the property tax levy, which translates into a lower property tax burden for the taxpayers of the City. I am recommending the appropriation of $3.5 million from Free Cash to the City’s Debt Stabilization Fund, which will be used to offset anticipated debt service costs in future years for the City’s major capital projects, especially in relation to the school reconstruction program. This appropriation will help stabilize tax levy increases in future years. With the approval of this recommendation, the Debt Stabilization Fund is projected to have a FY19 year-end balance of $54.3 million to help offset some of the future debt service costs of the school reconstruction program and other municipal projects. The City will continue to pursue opportunities for reimbursement through the Massachusetts School Building Authority (MSBA) program for smaller repair projects; these funds are not included in our current financial projections. Our current five-year debt schedule (FY19-23) is projected to be over $512.3 million, which is comprised of $386.9 million in tax supported debt and $125.4 million of sewer debt. The multi-year school reconstruction program makes up $227.6 million of this total and includes the construction of the King Open and Cambridge Street Upper Schools and Community Complex, as well as a portion of the Tobin Montessori and Vassar Lane Upper School project. However, it should be noted that with this projected debt issuance, the City’s ability to fund additional major projects is limited. Prior to the end of this calendar year, I plan on bringing forward recommendations to appropriate and authorize the borrowing to fund the design services for City Hall Improvements as well as to fund the cost of performing a Master Plan Study for the Lombardi Building and the vacant 3 Bigelow Street Building. Based upon discussions with the City Council, we have amended our bonding schedule, which will result in a recommendation to fund design costs for renovations to the Harvard Square Fire Station/Headquarters. If approved by the City Council, this will allow the City to include these items in our next bond sale scheduled for March 2019. The past fiscal year was one of the strongest financial years in the City’s history, with total assessed

13 values and excess levy capacity increasing; actual revenues far exceeding projections and prior year collections; and controlled expenditures. However, it would not be prudent for the City to expect or project future revenues based on FY18 actuals. These strong financial indicators, combined with an AAA credit rating, provide the City with enormous flexibility to respond to the many needs facing this community and to provide the services that the majority of our residents expect from the City, without sacrificing our fiscal stability and flexibility. It is also important to recognize that a healthy balance of development between residential and commercial be continued to ensure homeowner’s real estate taxes remain affordable. The City used approximately $36.4 million in Free Cash in FY18. With the approval of this recommendation, the City will use $9.0 million in Free Cash, reducing the net Free Cash balance to $213.8 million. The City has used an average of $40.4 million in Free Cash annually over the last 5 years. The strategic use of Free Cash is not only used to reduce the current tax levy and stabilize the impact of future debt supported capital projects, but is also available to fund one-time items. This planned approach has allowed us to maintain our Free Cash balances, enabled us to weather uncertain economic times, and is the City’s insurance policy against unforeseen catastrophes. As in the past, the City is currently compiling a list of prioritized projects that will require funding from certified Free Cash. Subject to City Council approval, a partial list of the items that are anticipated to be recommended for appropriation from Free Cash include: School Free Breakfast Program pilot, additional park and open space trees, Sherman Street Improvements, contracts for enhanced human services including an increase of 50%, for additional legal services provided through the Multi Service Center, E-Gov Projects, including funding related to the digital divide, Mitigation Funds collected in the prior fiscal year, Foundry Building Construction, Graham and Parks Roof Replacement Project, open space/recreation projects, preservation of expiring use housing and the second Green Line Extension payment. Based on the current estimates of appropriations from Free Cash during FY19, the City projects a decrease in next year’s certified Free Cash Balance. The long-term outlook for Cambridge continues to be very strong if we continue to manage our resources wisely. We will continue to use our five-year financial and capital plan, debt and reserve policies, and the City Council goals as a blue print for our long-range planning. Our current financial projections indicate that we will be able to produce future budgets that will reflect a moderate growth in the property tax levy, which is slightly above our 5-year annual average increase. The prudent use of the City’s reserve balances that we have created over the years, has allowed us to lessen the tax burden of our tax payers while maintaining our fiscal flexibility and continuing to position Cambridge as a favorable place to live and do business. In addition, our reserves allow us to fund one-time capital projects and other programmatic initiatives that reflect City Council priorities. Finally, I would like to thank the City Council and City staff for all their hard work that makes Cambridge the most fiscally sound city in the Commonwealth while at the same time being able to provide increased support to our schools, City programs and Capital Improvements. Very truly yours, Louis A. DePasquale City Manager attachments

14 ATTACHMENT 1 R1 389 734,800 $ 844,600 $ 15% R2 205 851,300 $ 955,200 $ 12% R3 235 1,253,100 $ 1,354,500 $ 8% R4 84 1,208,100 $ 1,320,250 $ 9% R5 62 2,859,100 $ 2,950,550 $ 3% R6 368 2,007,150 $ 2,112,150 $ 5% R7 658 721,250 $ 813,300 $ 13% R8 203 1,043,500 $ 1,156,100 $ 11% R9 205 1,566,400 $ 1,712,700 $ 9% R10 338 3,442,250 $ 3,533,800 $ 3% R11 172 1,641,250 $ 1,700,850 $ 4% R12 183 867,300 $ 1,005,600 $ 16% R13 234 987,050 $ 1,104,200 $ 12% R14 172 1,547,600 $ 1,719,550 $ 11% R15 33 1,268,200 $ 1,364,300 $ 8% R16 157 1,393,200 $ 1,523,800 $ 9% R17 194 983,600 $ 1,060,250 $ 8% FY2019 Single Family Assessment Data Median Assessed Values NBHD FY18 Median Value FY19 Median Value Count Percent Change R1 282 854,200 $ 993,450 $ 16% R2 167 931,800 $ 1,072,200 $ 15% R3 206 1,364,250 $ 1,508,800 $ 11% R4 47 1,444,400 $ 1,602,500 $ 11% R5 6 2,305,500 $ 2,391,650 $ 4% R6 75 1,786,600 $ 1,902,800 $ 7% R7 594 897,850 $ 1,029,750 $ 15% R8 184 1,128,150 $ 1,274,950 $ 13% R9 10 1,188,750 $ 1,312,450 $ 10% R10 10 2,805,100 $ 2,907,400 $ 4% R11 31 1,811,000 $ 1,864,300 $ 3% R12 156 981,250 $ 1,117,950 $ 14% R13 215 1,157,700 $ 1,302,600 $ 13% R14 206 1,320,550 $ 1,477,100 $ 12% R16 84 1,407,200 $ 1,546,650 $ 10% R17 133 1,127,300 $ 1,239,200 $ 10% FY2019 Two Family Assessment Data Median Assessed Values NBHD FY18 Median Value FY19 Median Value Count Percent Change

15 ATTACHMENT 1 (CONT.) R1 226 1,033,250 $ 1,206,000 $ 17% R2 140 1,191,950 $ 1,370,450 $ 15% R3 119 1,607,200 $ 1,789,900 $ 11% R4 31 1,891,000 $ 2,116,200 $ 12% R5 3 4,331,400 $ 4,669,000 $ 8% R6 31 2,011,200 $ 2,204,300 $ 10% R7 168 1,089,000 $ 1,252,700 $ 15% R8 42 1,326,200 $ 1,516,350 $ 14% R9 1 935,200 $ 1,072,800 $ 15% R10 1 4,512,700 $ 4,807,900 $ 7% R11 16 1,667,100 $ 1,800,700 $ 8% R12 117 1,154,800 $ 1,321,800 $ 14% R13 153 1,261,300 $ 1,442,100 $ 14% R14 47 1,484,500 $ 1,668,300 $ 12% R16 45 1,557,100 $ 1,729,300 $ 11% R17 65 1,295,500 $ 1,443,900 $ 11% FY2019 Three Family Assessment Data Median Assessed Values NBHD FY18 Median Value FY19 Median Value Count Percent Change R1 2798 595,950 $ 650,550 $ 8% R2 708 561,000 $ 617,400 $ 9% R3 2066 563,350 $ 615,800 $ 9% R4 659 534,000 $ 583,100 $ 8% R5 15 1,705,400 $ 1,853,800 $ 8% R6 1630 530,100 $ 579,000 $ 8% R7 1798 528,600 $ 575,100 $ 8% R8 421 679,900 $ 738,200 $ 8% R9 50 673,600 $ 734,350 $ 8% R10 39 2,179,900 $ 2,367,000 $ 8% R11 516 943,000 $ 1,047,100 $ 10% R12 1101 561,800 $ 612,600 $ 8% R13 1217 624,800 $ 681,100 $ 8% R14 380 738,650 $ 798,200 $ 7% R16 385 592,800 $ 646,700 $ 8% R17 553 684,600 $ 742,500 $ 8% FY2019 Condominium Assessment Data Median Assessed Values NBHD FY18 Median Value FY19 Median Value Count Percent Change

16