Letter from Donna P. Lopez, City Clerk transmitting a report from Councillor Jan Devereux, Chair and Councillor Quinton Y. Zondervan, Co-Chair of the Health and Environment Committee for a public hearing held on September 27, 2018 to discuss stormwater management best practices and get an update on how Cambridge will be impacted by the EPA’s new Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) permit, which took effect on July 1, 2018

WORKS ATTACHMENTA Health and Environmental Committee: EPA Small MS4 General Permit (Phase Public Hearing September 27, 2018 I| NPDES) MANAGEMENT CITY OF CAMBRIDGE PROGRAM STORMWATER

WORKS THE S • MS4 Program Overview • Changes in the new permit AGENDA • What Cambridge has been doing • Permit Requirements

RKS CSO: Combined Sewer Overflow MCM: Minimum Control Measure BMP: Best Management Practices MS4: Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System SSO: Sanitary Sewer Overflow Point Source: Any discernible, confined and discrete stormwater conveyance Phase Il: City's with populations <100,000 in 1999 MEP: Maximum Extent Practicable SWMP: Stormwater Management Plan NPDES: National Pollution Discharge Elimination System PCP: Phosphorous Control Plan IDDE: licit Discharge Detection and Elimination TMDL: Total Maximum Daily Load GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS (PARTIAL)

RKS NPDES PROGRAM OVERVIEW

WORKS THE United States Environmental Protection Agency ЗЕРА Cuyahoga River, OH 1969 waters, unless a permit was obtained. Stormwater was not considered a point source discharge. States. • Established the basic structure for regulating pollutants discharges into the waters of the United • Made it unlawful for any person to discharge any pollutant from a point source into navigable water pollution. became commonly known as the Clean Water Act. Clean Water Act • Growing public awareness and concern led to sweeping amendments in 1972, the law • The Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1948 was the first major U.S. law to address

ORKS NPDES population), industrial operations, construction sites (>5 acres) municipalities in MA) • Regulates stormwater discharges from small Municipalities (260 • Regulated stormwater discharges from Municipalities (over 100,000 • Initial Notice of Intent submitted July 2003 • 2016 Reissued Permit Effective - July 1, 2018 - 2023 1999: Phase I| 1990: Phase I source discharge Water Quality Act of 1987 regulated stormwater as a point NPDES: National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

SATO Nutrients Oil & Grease Thank you. Attention Pick up after your Attention Dogs Greet, bark woof doge Surict of North Vancon Dog Guardians Good dog Bylaw 5981-116) Pathogens Heavy Metals Pollutants Trash Sediment Why is Stormwater a Problem

ORKS WONES l WHAT DOES THIS MEAN FOR CAMBRIDGE?

ORKS COMBINED AREA SEPARATED AREA D348 Regulated Areas Charles Watershed Outfalls: 27 Alewife Watershed Outfalls: 8

INTHROP ORKS CHELSEA WATERSHED BROOKLINE RIVER MALDEN SOMERVILLE BOSTON CAMBRIDGE CHARLES MEDFORD WATERS HE DEVRETT RIVER WATERTOWN NEWTON MYSTC ARLINGTON BELMONT WINCHESTER WALTHAM EXINGTON Watersheds Cambridge

ORKS HE Source: EPA Impaired Waters Stormwater discharges are causing assessed waters the impairments in all Massachusetts' or contributing to at least 55% of

2 - Attaining some uses; other uses not assessed 5 - Impaired - TMDL required 3 - No uses assessed 4A - Impaired - TMDL is completed 4C - Impairment not caused by a pollutant Category and Description Estuaries Lakes, Rivers MassDEP List of Impaired Waters,

64 53 Swimming 15 60 53 63 22 31 Wet Weather Conditions 95 95 80 74 93 45 86 61 89 Swimming Boating 61 40 85 56 86 86 84 Dry Weather Conditions % Meets Standards in % Meets Standards in 98 96 98 98 100 97 94 87 72 55 69 65 51 Swimming Boating 34 21 19 % Meets Standards 95 Boating 95 86 91 39 57 Overall Grade B+ C+ A- C- A- B+ Charles River Report Cards Based on State Bacterial Standards Year 2016 2015 1997 2017 2014 1998 1995 1996 2013 EPA - Charles River Initiative (1995)

YORK 85% 85% Total 85.80% 87.60% A- A- A- B+ Grade Mystic River (fresh) 50% 46% Total 54.20% 53.80% Alewife Brook D+ D+ Grade 44% 40% Total 49.40% 54.20% Little River D- D+ Grade Year 2016 2014 2017 2015 EPA - Mystic River Initiative (2008) Mystic River Water Quality Grades & Compliance Rates for Freshwater Sites

WORKS WHAT HAS CAMBRIDGE BEEN DOING

SHHO SEPARATED AREA COMBINED AREA REMOVED COMMON MANHOLE D22 Common Manhole Separation

2002(5) 2010(1) 2004 (1) 2001(3) 1997 (11) 2011(11) 2013(28) 2012(4) No date (151) ILLLICIT CONNECTIONS REMOVED Illicit Connections Removed gra,

2013 2016 2014 2011 2010 2005 - 2008 2009 2012 Pipe Inspections by Year

-ELL - L .. Path (not sampied ( not sampled (not sampled ussell Field Bike 1 Russell Field Tot Russell Field @ Jerry's Russell Field Bus * russell Field Bike 1 Metignon Roed 11 / 100 ml /EM62017 52 / 100 ml (5/10/2017) Harrison Avenue 496 / 100 ml (5/10/2017) „ m 17| 6,590/ 100 ml (6/16/2017) North of Cambridge Park Drive 305 / 100 ml (4/10/2017) 364 / 100 ml (6/16/2017) 41 ml / 100 ml (2/21/2018) ND (AM90017 17-45) ND (4/19/2017 11:45) 3.450/ 100 ml (6/9/2017) 8.700 / 100 ml (6/16/2017) 201400 m (4/10/2017 4030 10/ 100 ml (4/19/2017 12:30) arison Avenue Sampling Station' 41/ 100 ml (4/19/2017 11:30) Cambrids / 100 ml (A402017, Station Walland Outlet ND (4/19/2017) 71 /100 ml/816/2017 107 / 100 ml (6/9/2017) 85 / 100 ml (2/21/2018) 288 / 100 ml (3/6/2018) 20 / 100 ml (4/10/2017) Netland Sampling Station <10 / 100 ml (5/10/2017) miat to Forehaul 86/100 ml (5/10/2017) 933 /100 ml (3/6/2018) 496 / 100 ml (2/21/2018) 333 / 100 ml (4/10/2017) 5,490 / 100 ml (6/16/2017) Acom Park Drive 229 / 100 ml (6/16/2017) 109 / 100 ml (5/10/2017) 2,220 / 100 ml (4/10/2017) Normandy Terrace | 100 / 100 m (4/0//017 1,190 / 100 ml (5/10/2017) 1.260/100 ml (6/16/2017) 2,600 / 100 ml (2/21/2018)) 1= -.. (no fow) (6/18/2017) 1 000 / 100 ml /B/6/2017 1,560 / 100 ml (4/10/2017 2I001/9) 00/008 Banchard Road @Welingtor Brook Stormwater Sampling

Completed Projects Legend Completed Capital Projects

wetland in the Eastern United acres and ultimately Alewife Brook, Combined sewer overtiows Mystic River, and Boston (CSOs) to the Little River separation in West stormwater in a constructed States Harbor. Completed 2013 Alewife Reservation • Designed allow sewer • The largest engineered Stormwater Wetland • 3.4-acre project serving 300+ • Retains and treats separated

ORKS HE Operations & Maintenance Plan Stormwater Management Plan 20% Erosion & Sediment Control Plan • Regulates private development Stormwater Control Permits No increase in CSOs or SSOs Peak development discharge rate less than existing conditions Reduce 80% TSS and 65% TP from site.

WHAT ARE THE PERMIT REQUIREMENTS

municipal operations • Public education/outreach • Illicit discharge detection/elimination • Public involvement/participation • Pollution prevention/good housekeeping for • Post-construction stormwater management • Construction Site stormwater runoff control Develop and implement Best Management Practices Address 6 Minimum Control Measures to address each program area to the MEP PERMIT REQUIREMENTS

WORKS CURRENT ACTIVITIES

Akram: 250 Fresh Pond Phen Selected Adhess: 250 Frast Hand Saig Selected Man Lot...a. 15% smonore 514 DETOUR THERE IS DONNELLY FIELD 5-7. projects www.cambridgema.gov/Services/FloodMap Develop online tools Flood Viewer Facebook www.cambridgema.gov/stormwater Rain Barrel Promotion since 2003 Department of Public Works • Provide information at Celebrations/Cookouts • Alewife Stormwater Wetland tours • Meetings (formal and informal) on infrastructure • Maintain a Stormwater webpage, tweets, #1. PUBLIC EDUCATION & OUTREACH BBO COMMUNITY 09.19.17

LIFE In Cambridge THE CAMBRIDGE View City FAT-FREE SEWERS RECYCLE THE FOG PREVENT THE CLOG (FATS, OILS. & GREASE Floodina i Mour beigenons Collaborative • Cambridge Science Festival • Enviroscape demonstration • Arbor Week activities • MyRWA Stormwater Education • Charles River Watershed Collaborative • Alewife wetland tours BRANS TO CHARLES RIVER SHONT DUMP • Youth Outreach • Curb Marker installations • Collaborating with other communities • Develop Brochures • Provide Information in City Publications: #1. PUBLIC EDUCATION & OUTREACH (CONT.)

RKS ENVISION CAMBRIDGE Collections Resiliency • Household Hazardous Waste • Annual Stormwater Meeting • Envision Cambridge • Climate Change Preparedness & #2. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION & INVOLVEMENT

RKS 1998(65) No date (151) 2004(1) 2012(4) 2001 (3) 2010(1) 2013 (28) 2011 (11) 2000 (10) 2002 (5) 1997(11) 2016(1) 1999(13) ILLLICIT CONNECTIONS REMOVED (IDDE) #3. ILLICIT DISCHARGE DETECTION & ELIMINATION AND REMOVE ILLICIT CONNECTION AND DISCHARGES PROHIBIT, IDENTIFY

and sewer separation contracts • Complaints (see, Click,Fix, email, phone calls • Water Quality Sampling (dry, wet, oil/grease) \ • Inspections prior to construction - TV, die testing IDDE PROGRAM • Investigations • Illicit connection removal through Remedial • Automatic Sampling Stations (5)

Nov DISTURB ≥ 1 ACRE AND SIGNIFICANT PROJECTS REDUCE POLLUTANTS FROM CONSTRUCTION SITES THAT • Issue WARNING tickets for violations • Inspect active construction sites • Weekly meetings with large contractors during March #4. CONSTRUCTION SITE RUNOFF CONTROL

WORKS energov Build: 2016.1.1.18 Database Version: 05-24-2016 About EnerGov Infiltration swales Filtration system BMP inspection through Energov software MANAGEMENT #5. POST CONSTRUCTION STORMWATER • Maintain private BMP Database for private facilities • Manage permitting, inspections and code enforcement • Inspect BMPs Post Construction

WORKS THE S Infiltrating Catch Basins • Rain Gardens/Biobains • Grit Chambers • 6,000 catch basins. Annually clean 2,000 (300 tons) • TV & Cleaning, Remedial Construction, Pipe Lining • Porous Asphalt • Street sweeping debris (1142 tons) • Construction of Stormwater BMPs in projects • Street/Infrastructure Maintenance Practices #6. POLLUTION PREVENTION & GOOD HOUSEKEEPING FOR MUNICIPAL OPERATIONS

TREE CITY USA Growth Award MASSACHUSETTS OUR URBAN FOREST www.comb CAMBRIDGE • Employee Training • Inspection of Municipal Facilities • Tree Plantings, increase planting areas (Urban Forest Master Plan) • Cartegraph for work order management #6. POLLUTION PREVENTION & GOOD HOUSEKEEPING FOR MUNICIPAL OPERATIONS

First St Sewer Separation O'Brien Hwy Sewer Separation The Port: Outfall Bishop Allen Talbot St Flood Reduction Binney St Cottage! Lopez Stormwater Improvements River St Outfall Willard St UPCOMING CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT HIGHLIGHTS #6. POLLUTION PREVENTION & GOOD HOUSEKEEPING FOR MUNICIPAL OPERATIONS

RIS ORKS NEW PERMIT REQUIREMENTS

TTH.I. What's New: More prescriptive • Notice of Intent Due: October 1, 2018 • Effective Date: July 1, 2018 • https://www.epa.gov/npdes-permits/massachusetts-small-ms4-general-permit • Stormwater Management Plan Due (SWMP): July 1, 2019 Status of New NPDES MS4 Permit

ORKS THES date 3 Plan permit effective 15-20 years after Implement Phase date Plan permit effective 10-15 years after Implement Phase 2 Create Phase 3 Plan date Plan 5-10 years after permit effective Implement Phase 1 Create Phase 2 Plan date 1-5 years after * Reduce P load by 51% * Develop and implement Phosphorous Control Plan (PCP) permit effective Create Phase 1 Plan • Charles River: Bacteria/Pathogens • Charles River: Phosphorous (P) Highlights CHANGES IN THE NEW PERMIT • Develop and implement programs to address TMDLs

WORKS THE Why is Phosphorous a Problem?

WORKS FERTILIZER • atmospheric deposition of particles. • fertilizer, and • plant and leaf litter, • pet waste, • soil particles, • road salt, Source of Phosphorous

To Treatment Plant River Sewer Overflow Combined GaS PAINT Glue PATHOGENS • METALS • BACTERIA OR • SOLIDS • OIL AND GREASE • PHOSPHORUS Waterbodies CHANGES IN THE NEW PERMIT Highlights cont. • Enhanced Program to address Water Quality Limited

ORKS KIT SPILL I HASTE DE waste management Require new development and redevelopment projects optimize P removal Manage grass cuttings and leaf litter on Muni property Evaluate muni property for P retrofit opportunities (5 yrs) and install BMP (6 yrs) Increase street sweeping in high pollutant load areas Timed and targeted public outreach materials related to P control, pet P source identification plan (4 yrs) • Containment of spills on private property 280 MSTA • Alewife (Phosphorous, e. Coli) WATER-QUALITY BASED REQUIREMENTS FOR • Alewife and Charles (oil & grease, solids, metals)) IMPAIRED RECEIVING WATERS

WORKS THES THINK BLUE DO YOUR POOP DOODY SCOOP MY Think Blue Campaign • Targeted messages • Assess, Rank and investigate all Outfalls (7-10 yrs) • Update system catchment mapping • Increase dry and wet weather sampling • Document IDDE Program • Timed messages • No new changes 6 MINIMUM CONTROL MEASURES 1. Public education/outreach 3. Illicit discharge detection/elimination (IDDE) 2. Public involvement/participation CHANGES IN THE NEW PERMIT coNT.

and private Assess regulations to remove barriers to implementing low impact designs for streets and parking lots. • Encourage Low Impact Development strategies - public • No changes CHANGES IN THE NEW PERMIT conT. 5. Post-construction stormwater management 4. Construction Site stormwater runoff control

Document annual inspections of stormwater treatment structures Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plans (SWPPP) • Catch Basin maintenance - 50% sump • Document road salt use optimization plan operations 6. Pollution prevention/good housekeeping for municipal CONT. CHANGES IN THE NEW PERMIT

ORK COMMENTS/QUESTIONS EPA Massachusetts Small MS4 General Permit: Cambridge DPW stormwater webpage: www.epa.gov/npdes-permits/massachusetts-small-ms4-general-permit www.cambridgema.gov/stormwater

important stormwater DID YOU KNOW? more runoff than a A typical city block will equal size. generate over five times woodland area of assessed waters. to Massachusetts' management 55% of impairments Stormwater discharges and porous paving environmental impacts these elements provide. are contributing to at least must be properly maintained in order to protect the are strategies such as oils, fertilizers and washes over the ground and picks up contaminants with water coming from basement sump pumps contaminants before they discharge to outfalls at the these stormwater quality enhancements, along that the City has put into place to treat these into local rivers. Biobasins dog waste, washing them Alewife Brook and the Charles River. For this reason, When it rains, stormwater [phone removed] City of Cambridge 147 Hampshire Street Cambridge, MA 02139 stormwatermanagement Department of Public Works Cover photo: Alewife Stormwater Wetland CAMBRIDGE For more intormation: DEPARTMENT ATTACHMENTB www.cambridgema.gov/theworks MARCH 2016 Back panel photos: Alewife Stormwater Wetland City of Cambridge Stormwater Management and maintenance efforts are an important part of keeping The City's ongoing construction Inside panel photo: Charles River outfall along Memorial Drive www.cambridgema.gov/theworks/ourservices/ Cambridge clean and sustainable. Photos provided by Kleinfelder, MWH Global, and Chester Engineers & Green CITY OF CAMBRIDGE INFORMATION GUIDE Stormwater Management Infrastructure

HOW YOU CAN HELP including basement sump pumps www.cambridgema.gov/theworks deterioration is observed overflow drains draining within 48 hours • Sump pumps are intended to collect groundwater pavement, or sweep leaves, sand or debris onto the cars that are leaking oil/fluids over porous pavement porous surface • The EPA regulates all discharges to the storm drain products) to discharge to your sump pump Important to note: • Floor drains are intended to collect waste water into the pit to trigger the switch Porous Paving: • Keep clear any basin inlets, outlets, check dams and • Do not replace vehicle fluids, wash your car, or park • Do not apply sand on sidewalks adjacent to porous • Remove any windblown trash or debris Basement Sump Pumps: Biobasins: • Water plantings during periods of drought • Call the DPW ([phone removed]) if excessive pavement • Call the DPW ([phone removed]) if the biobasin is not • Clean the pump inlet screen • Ensure your pump is working by pouring water While the City will continue to monitor and maintain these areas, you can help us with these enhancements by: • Keep sump pump pit free of debris • Never allow waste water (including cleaning surface includes ground water pavement pavement is to intercept and treat the "first flush" of runoff. and treated runoff is transported parking lanes. The purpose of Porous waterways. Similar to biobasins, the City's goal for porous to the City's storm drain system and discharged to local runoff and remove pollutants as Runoff is then allowed to infiltrate with a stone reservoir and filter porous pavement is to collect permeable pavement that treat and filter stormwater runoff. The goal for biobasins is to intercept and treat the transported to the City's storm Biobasins are specially constructed Biobasins sidewalks. Runoff is then allowed local waterways. In urban areas, the may be connected to the City's storm drain, which discharge first inch of pavement runoff, known as the "first flush". planted areas with engineered soils highest concentration of pollutants it passes through the filter layer. Porous Paving from your foundation. If this isn't possible, sump pumps or rainwater from around your are washed off the land surface with the first 1/2" to 1" of basement dry by collecting and If you have a basement, your to waterways such as the Charles River or Alewife Brook. to infiltrate and treated runoff is outside, approximately 10' away layer underneath, located in the drain system and discharged to A sump pump helps keep your pumping high foundation. Water collected in the from below your basement floor, Basement Sump Pumps property may have a sump pump. sump pit should be pumped to the RUNOFF PENTAG SOLIN WATER STORAGE LEVEL •NATIVE HERBACEOUS PLANTS -EXISTING SUBSOIL -UNDER DRAIN SYSTEM -OVERFLOW DRAIN -SANDY LOAM SOIL HOUSE LATERALS PUBLIC SANITARY SEWER LINE ONTO GROUND DOWNSPOUTS DRAIN OVERFLOW SUMP PUMP FOUNDATION DRAIN EMPTIES INTO SUMP PUMP CONNECTION TO THE SUMP PUMPS DISCHARGE ONTO GROUND, STORM DRAIN INTO DRAINAGE DITCH OR INTO A RANGE ERRE