a joint report from Councillor Craig Kelley, Chair of the Public Safety Committee and Vice Mayor Jan Devereux, Chair of the Transportation & Public Utilities Committee, for a public hearing held on November 28, 2018 to discuss truck safety measures in the City and to review the Police Department’s truck enforcement actions and whether Cambridge can better use navigational platforms

ATTACHMEN TA 11/28/2018 TRUCK SAFETY IN CAMBRIDGE 28 November 2018 Transportation and Public Utilities Committee Public Safety Committee Truck Related Fatalities in Cambridge Truck Collision Fatalities Q ; WINTER HILL The Home Depot Q •No cyclist deaths between 2002 & 2011 Somerville AST SOMERVILL SPRING HILL SHARE EDIT Pearl St Lesley PROSPECT HILL University MEDFORD: Market Basket 9 Truck Fatalities / THE N Washington St ard Museum d atural Histor Washington St © 2011/12/27 7:40pm INNER BELT WARD TWO Target C Bunker Hil © 2015/03/11 1:30pm University Cambridge St G 2016/06/23 12:17pm Square Ф Cambridge whener iorary • Cambridge si MID-CAMBRIDGE © 2016/10/58:08am WELLINGTON -HARRINGTON • 2018/10/54:41pm Landmarks Kendall ( Museum of Science 2018/11/98:15am Square Cinema RIVERSIDE THE PORT Broad Institute Binney St Massachusetts O General Hospital MIT Museum 9 @ MIT Sloan School jole Foods Market of Management Mas nusetts RIDGEPORT CA Institute of Hatch Memorial Shell 9 Park Stre 1

11/28/2018 Crash Data is not entirely clear First Harmful May involve May Involve r Object 1 - cyclist - Location Date Time - Object 2 - Pedestrian Event - P1 Injury - P2 Injury PASSENGER CAR NON FATAL NON FAT NA NA NA 6/23/2016 14:41 PASSENGER CAR NA 6/23/2016 9:35 LIGHT TRUCK(VAN, MINI VAN, PICK-UP, SPORT UTILITY) LIGHT TRUCK(VAN, MINI VAN, PICK-U CAMBRIDGE ST NA COLLISION WINO INJURY NO INJUF NA NA NA 1 NA 6/23/2016 21:45 LIGHT TRUCK(VAN, MINI VAN, PICK-UP, SPORT UTILITY) SINGLE UNIT TRUCK (2 AXLES, 6 TIRES) 1414 CAMBRIDGE BROADWAY NA NA NA 6/23/2016 17:00 PASSENGER CAR NA NA NA NA 6/23/2016 8:45 PASSENGER CAR 335 HARVARD ST NA COLLISION WINA NA NA NA NA NA NA 6/23/2016 22:30 PASSENGER CAR 94 SIXTH ST. COLLISION WI NA Amanda Phillips Inman Sq 6/23/2016 12:17pm The report form/spreadsheet apparently has no way to capture the cyclist's fatality so it is difficult to rely on searches of the database to provide complete and accurate information Trucks do all sorts of things in Cambridge "Cola Deliver Coca-Cola to Star Market off of Davenport Street. 2

11/28/2018 Trucks do all sorts of things in Cambridge I RANSPORTATI Simply drive down Binney Street. Trucks do all sorts of things in Cambridge From file folders to file cabinets. We deliver. easy 60 Make local office and home deliveries. 3

11/28/2018 Trucks do all sorts of things in Cambridge Haul construction equipment down side streets. Trucks do all sorts of things in Cambridge 310 Move cones to redefine bike lanes for easier delivery. 4

11/28/2018 Cambridge's regulatory ability is limited by PREEMPTION Commerce clause, provision of the U.S. Constitution (Article I, Section 8) that authorizes Congress "to regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with Indian Tribes." The commerce clause has traditionally been interpreted both as a grant of positive authority to Congress and as an implied prohibition of state laws and regulations that interfere with or discriminate against interstate commerce (the so-called "dormant" commerce clause). In its positive interpretation the clause serves as the legal foundation of much of the U.S. government's regulatory power. Cambridge's regulatory ability is limited by PREEMPTION Per Cambridge's Traffic, Parking and Transportation Department's website Authority to restrict trucks lie in Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 85 and the 2006 Massachusetts Amendment to the 2003 Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) Section 11A-9. Key criteria for a truck exclusion from a municipal way include, a suitabie alternative route is available and one or more of the following: • There is at least 5% heavy commercial vehicles • Heavy wheel loads will result in severe deterioration of the roadway • Land use is primarily residential and the municipality has requested exclusion only during hours of darkness. 5

11/28/2018 This is what we have done CITY OF CAMBRIDGE Truck Routes & Restrictions Legend - TruckRostrictiona - Number Hones DISCUSSION 6

Gutierrez, Mark ATTACHMENTB From: Kelley, Craig Sent: Friday, November 23, 2018 1:28 PM To: DePasquale, Louie Cc: Devereux, Jan Subject: Thoughts about Wednesday's Truck Safety meeting Hi Louie (and Happy Post-Thanksgiving!): For Wednesday's meeting, we wanted to identify truck safety issues over which the City does and doesn't have control and then focus on the latter to figure out how to make our streets as safe as possible when it comes to truck traffic. The Urban Freight Forum earlier this month was a fabulous starting point for a truck discussion and we want to make sure we build off of that as much as we can. Of course, we can't solve of our truck issues in one meeting, but figuring out how to keep our truck safety efforts moving forward, and understanding our limitations in doing that, is really important. And it will become more so as urban truck traffic continues to increase. https://www.citylab.com/transportation/2017/04/cities-seek-deliverance-from- the-e-commerce-boom/523671/. Add in more cyclists and scooters and so forth and things get even more complicated. Buses, too, present safety hazards and where bus and truck issues overlap, we'll want to address them both. We were hoping Staff would be able to discuss the following issues in at least enough detail to help us figure out what our next steps should be, short, medium and long-term: 1. Using our various permitting and contracting processes to require 1. Truck safety equipment such as rear-view cameras and side-guards 2. Special urban freight bike and pedestrian safety training for people who drive trucks in Cambridge 3. Formal delivery zone safety plans to mitigate confusing traffic patterns during deliveries 4. Utilizing smaller trucks and prohibiting semi-trailers 5. Requiring safer cabs with better sight lines for all trucks 2. Update on: 1. side-guard program 2. Ability of the City to price curb access (Joe mentioned that at the Urban Freight Forum but there wasn't much detail) 3. Ability of the City and businesses to manage the timing of curb access for deliveries 4. Ability of the City to manage access to privately owned loading zones and docks 3. Education as it relates to: 1. Helping cyclists in general understand how to ride as safely as possible around trucks and buses 2. Making sure truck and bus drivers have received special training to bike and pedestrian safety issues even if not under a City contract 3. Helping CPSD students understand how to bike as safely as possible around trucks and buses 4. Would it be possible to pilot a truck management program in Harvard Square to come online as construction increases there in the near future? 1. What would it look like? 1

AITACHMENTC POLICE CAMBRIDGE NOVEMBER 28, 2018 TH PUBLIC ORKS •TRANSPORTATION TRAFFIC. PARKING Truck Safety PUBLIC UTILITY COMMITTEES PUBLIC HEARING ZERO 344 Freedway JOINT PUBLIC SAFETY AND TRANSPORTATION AND VISION CONMONITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT COD 344 CAMBRIDGE CAMBRIDGE

Agenda Improving Safety: Education • Truck Movement in Cambridge • Improving Safety: Infrastructure Design and Management • Improving Safety: Equipment and Technology Improvements

Delivery Solutions Study Current Work • Coordination with other municipalities • Delivery / Freight Forum (November 15, 2018) • Creation of regional forum for delivery / freight issues Expansi.. • Updates to loading zones (regulations and locations) Commanual o.. ly

Truck Movement in Cambridge

the majority of every trip. Truck Routes • The Posted Truck Routes in Cambridge are: destination on that street or a nearby street. • Trucks are permitted on any street in Cambridge if they have a • JFK Street between Harvard Square and North Harvard Street in Brighton • Main Street, Galileo Galilei Way, Binney Street, First Street, & Land Boulevard • Broadway east of Galileo Galilei Way & Vassar Street north of Rt. 2A (Mass. Ave.) All trucks are encouraged to use the system of Posted Truck Routes for

Truck Routes • Route 2A (Massachusetts Avenue) • Route 28 (O'Brien/McGrath Highway) Pond Parkway), are open to trucks at all times, including: State Numbered Routes (except where prohibited by the state • Route 16 / 2 / 3 (Alewife Brook Parkway & parts of Fresh Pond Parkway, Huron Avenue, Aberdeen Avenue & Mount Auburn Street) Department of Conservation and Recreation on Memorial Drive and Fresh

Truck Restrictions suitable alternate route is available. • The alternate route shall have an effective width and pavement Massachusetts Amendments to the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD): Section 10A-9 Heavy Commercial Vehicle Exclusion structure which can safely accommodate the additional truck traffic. A truck exclusion from a municipal way may be authorized provided a

or exclusions. conditions: community's written approval. Truck Restrictions • (1) Lie wholly within the community making application, • Numbered routes are ineligible for heavy commercial vehicle • In addition the alternate route must meet one of the following • (3) Lie partially in an adjacent community but have the adjacent • (2) Lie partially in an adjacent community but only on State Highway,

pavement total volume Truck Restrictions Requires an engineering study to be reviewed by MassDOT. • Proposed exclusion must meet at least one of these criteria: • Night exclusions may be granted in primarily residential streets • Continued heavy loads will result in severe deterioration of roadway • Heavy commercial vehicle volumes in the range of 5 to 8 percent of

Exemptions Truck Restrictions shall not apply to: repair of said streets or public utilities therein; streets for the purpose of making deliveries of goods, materials, or • Vehicles used in connection with the construction, maintenance and merchandise to or similar collections from abutting land or buildings or Heavy commercial vehicles going to or coming from places upon said adjacent streets or ways to which access cannot otherwise be gained; • Federal, State, Municipal or public service corporation owned vehicles.

Legend TruckRoute TruckRestrictions Numbered Highway I VI CITY OF CAMBRIDGE Truck Routes & Restrictions

Improvements Improving Safety: Equipment and Technology

Cambridge large vehicles at other departments. Most eligible DPW vehicles have been and other large trucks. (through two contracts) • Additional 15-20 vehicles, including trucks • DPW completed a study with Volpe in 2016. outfitted with sideguards, including packers from other City departments, to be outfitted. Equipment Improvements in • Continue installation of crossover mirrors on DPW fleet, expanding to

• Convex Mirrors Truck Sideguards • Cross-over Mirrors used for City contracts. • Blindspot Awareness Stickers Make it a DO YOU SEE ME? safe commute • The Cities of Boston and Somerville have passed ordinances requiring Make eye contact CAN I SEE YOU? truck sideguards and other safety equipment be installed on all vehicles Sideguards Beyond the City Fleet

sideguards convex mirrors » cross-over mirrors, and • blind-spot awareness decals. MORE Boston Sideguard Program • City agencies only contract with vendors that have properly installed:

exclusively for snow removal. • Rental trucks must meet requirements. trailers with a total weight that exceeds 26,000 pounds. Boston Sideguard Program • Does not apply to: agricultural trailers, fire engines, and trucks used • Subcontractors who regularly work in Boston must be in compliance. Applies to motor vehicles weighing more than 10,000 pounds, and semi-

2016. challenging. State or Federal level. • More effectively regulated at • 200 inspections completed since • Implementation & Enforcement is STICKER see linear finelt Talese color CAN WE SEE EACH OTHER? SIDEGUARD REQUIREMENTS SIDE VIEW Department prior to starting work on a City contract. Boston Sideguard Program • Sideguard inspections completed by Boston Inspectional Services BOTTOM VIEW

SIDEGUA AT YOUR IS WHAT TO EXPECT Boston Sideguard Program RD INSPECTION

adoption. Next Steps eligible trucks used for City Contracts. there are no State or Federal requirements. • Draft sideguard ordinance presently being reviewed. as permitting, zoning, voluntary participation, or other measures. • Discussions ongoing around implementation and enforcement and Similar to Boston Ordinance. (different sideguard standards for three communities) Would require installation of truck sideguards, mirrors, and decals on all potential negative impacts on City's ability to attract contractors given • Outreach to additional large fleets and institutions to encourage voluntary • Exploring additional ways to expand the reach of these requirements such

• Sensors • Cameras • Alternative delivery vehicles • Lane Departure Warnings • Advanced safety equipment for trucks: • Advanced Collision Warning Systems Additional Technologies Express FedEx

European-style trucks. Look to Europe for safety advancements in truck design. • Freightliner starting to introduce • Limited availability in US market. Future Technologies Credit: Image courtesy of University of Loughborough The 'Direct Vision' truck concept would increase the driver's field of view in front and to the sides of the truck by 50 per cent.

Education Improving Safety:

with large trucks. around people biking. Driver Training • Safer Trucking in Changing Cities Video • All City operators of large vehicles will view the video. drivers on how to operate more safely in the dense urban • Working with advocates for wide distribution and adoption. • Work regionally to improve driver training in commercial fleets. environment with respect to vulnerable road users and specifically Created by community members and advocates to educate truck • Bicycle training offered by the City includes how to safely share the road

other Departments. • Monthly safety training for Sanitation drivers. • All large vehicle operators trained on Vision Zero. teaching drivers to anticipate dangerous situations. • Safety focus during in-house commercial drivers license training. Driver Training: City Employees The Smith System of driving is about reducing collisions, preventing Each principle is designed to reduce the risks involved in driving by • Smith System driver training completed for all DPW drivers; expanding to injuries and saving lives. The Smith 5 Keys employs five basic principles.

first hand Motor Equipment Operator positions at DPW. Other Safety Initiatives and Traffic, Parking and Transportation Departments. • Blind spot demonstrations ("touch-a-truck") at public events allow Introduced an on-street driving test for candidates interviewing for residents and students to sit in a large truck and experience blind spots DPW hired a Safety Manager in 2017; also supports the Water, Electrical,

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Improving Safety: Managing Infrastructure

commercial vehicles. off/pick-up in the PM). Loading Lones minimal negative impacts on vulnerable road users. based regulations to meet demand (i.e. loading in the AM, drop- • Working to optimize placement of loading zones and exploring time Loading zone availability is key to ensuring deliveries occur safely with • Introducing a new type of loading zone regulation that will limit usage to

more deliveries is a safe manner. Pricing the Curb • Some cities charge for loading zone usage. • Ideally this can optimize availability and turnover to accommodate • Need to explore whether or not this is the right solution for Cambridge.

deterrent. stopping in unsafe locations. Requires very significant enforcement resources. Pricing the Curb: Challenges Lower fines are treated as a "cost of doing business" rather than a • Can have unintended consequences of increasing illegal parking and • Limits on the fine amounts we can charge is challenging in this scenario.

• Solutions • Best Practices • Survey Findings • Enforcement Approaches related to freight in Cambridge. Delivery Solutions Study • In the next few months, we will be completing the Truck Delivery Solutions Study, which will provide us a better understanding of issues

federal level. Final Thoughts but did not progress in the House. trucks, among other satety improvements. legislative change at the state level whenever possible. technology, will be most effectively regulated at the state and/or • Many safety improvements, including sideguards and truck safety • This bill would require sideguards on all state owned and contracted Last session, An Act to Reduce Traffic Fatalities passed the state Senate • The City expressed support for the bill, and should continue to advance

DISCUSSION